The extended growth-to-maturity metaphor Magical Girl archetype can mean a variety of things; some do more than use their powers to improve or complicate their lives. Some go out and battle Dramatic Evil, usually with a lot of mystic power and weird outfits (usually a glammed-up Mini Dress Of Power) and called attacks, and very prone to Kicking Ass in All Her Finery.
Generally regarded as the modern Trope Codifier of the genre's most basic defining trait: a cute and perky heroine defeating bad guys and engaging in magical adventures. Most series that followed it, however, focused on the magical part and avoided fighting, creating the more whimsical Cute Witch sister genre.
, and in doing so threw the Slice of Life plot of your typical Magical Girl series out the window. A parody of different Henshin Hero series notemost noticeably Warrior of Love Rainbowman, this series codified many of the tropes associated with the Magical Girl Warrior genre to come: giving the heroine the ability to transform into a powerful alter ego activated with a magical phrase and/or a Transformation Trinket, an armory of weapons and abilities to use in battle, an evil organization to fight against, and a heroic introduction. In a notable example of an Unbuilt Trope, however, the show is about a Robot Girl, and all of her power relied on technology instead of magic.
Lady Jewelpet (anime)
, which took all these elements and blended them with classic Magical Girl tropes and some Sentai characteristics like a team of different heroines with balanced abilities and personalities. The result was a series simultaneously aimed toward and empowering girls with large amounts of character building and storyline that still gave focus to the battles and allowed for fanservice. A virtually-unheard-of combination at that time, the series quickly attracted a rabid fanbase with a ridiculously-wide demographic. While many early anime and manga of the genre which followed were accused of being (and often were, at the start) rip-offs of
The action-oriented Magical Girl Warriors have the extra bonus of being marketed to male demographics, so they can be very lucrative; in this case, they often resemble Distaff Counterparts of Japanese superheroes, particularly the male-dominated Sentai genre as well as other Henshin Hero characters. This contributed significantly to the associated franchises being exported to the West. Due to sharing many of the typical teenage-superhero tropes, these characters ended up being much more representative of the Magical Girl genre outside Japan, as opposed to, for example, Cute Witches.
Characters frequently appearing in this type of franchise include the Dark Magical Girl and The One Guy in the Improbably Female Cast, who is frequently a Magic Knight or Badass Bookworm himself.
Magical Play (anime)
See also Magical Girl Genre Deconstruction, which is usually aimed at this specific subgenre. See also Warrior Princess, which some Magical Girl princesses are from time to time.Back in the day, anime girls could become idols with just a few magic words and a flashy transformation scene. These days the poor girls gotta train and audition and all that crap, 'cause I guess a little optimism would kill these stinkin' scriptwriters.
The Magical Girl and Magical Girl Warrior genres are very popular genres for anime and manga in Japan; they're also popular internationally, with several non-Japanese works being produced for the genres. They're normally fluffy Coming Of Age Stories usually featuring a cast of young 8-15 year old girls who gain magical powers thanks to a Transformation Trinket. However, in the 2010s, a new sub-genre began to form: the Magical Girl Genre Deconstruction, usually called Dark Magical Girl in anime fandom, though that is a different trope here.
Magical Girl Genre Deconstruction anime are almost never aimed at little girls. They're usually Subverted Kids Shows aimed at men (and, more rarely, teenage boys and women).
The Demon Girl Next Door (manga)
This genre twists the normal Wish-Fulfillment part of most Magical Girl shows by showing that the magical powers aren't all fun and games but serious responsibilities. These works are deconstructions where being a Magical Girl comes with various real-life complications that end up actually preventing the wish-fulfillment. This often comes in the form of trying to be Darker and Edgier. Common themes of these series are that you should Be Careful What You Wish For and that Growing Up Sucks (in sharp contrast with how traditional Magical Girl works treat pseudo-adulthood as a form of empowerment). While magical is traditionally meant in the sense of wondrous, here it's more of an aesthetic - you can expect the protagonist's identity to be common knowledge, and/or for there to be an entire class of similarly empowered people in which she's only a small cog. Sometimes they are treated as Child Soldiers, with all the horrors that entails. If the protagonist is a Stock Shoujo Heroine, then she will often end up a Deconstructed Character Archetype. You can expect them to emphasize that being a magical girl is Not a Game.
Straight examples of Magical Girl rarely use the term magical girl In-Universe (and because the fantasy is based around a desire to grow up, they might even find it insulting). However, most stories like this use magical girl
, to the point of extending it to characters who are adults or even male (because the fantasy is based around nostalgia for childhood).
The Great Jahy Will Not Be Defeated! (manga)
). It's an anime which starts off looking like a normal Magical Girl story but takes an unexpected turn three episodes in, and portrays the stereotypical Mentor Mascot as a figure more akin to Mephistopheles. The series' twist proved popular enough that other works soon began exploring more serious interpretations of Magical Girls as well.
A magically summoned part of the Rider's body like past entries, but physical items that could be damaged or stolen) and forced to fight each other to the death.
, for example, is a dark Magical Girl Warrior series but it doesn't feature the deconstruction or subversive elements associated with this genre. Many traditional Magical Girl works, such as
Magical Girl Convergence (fanfic)
Each feature dark elements, however they're not considered Magical Girl Genre Deconstructions, as they still adhere to the traditional tropes of the genre.
Compare to Real Robot Genre (in contrast to Super Robot Genre), Capepunk (which takes a similarly deconstructive approach to superheroes), The Dark Age of Comic Books, and '90s Anti-Hero (this could be considered to be to Magical Girls in the 2010s what these were to superheroes in the 1990s). Contrast Not Wearing Tights.Magic Girls, no matter how frilly their dresses, high their screams, or incompetent their sidekicks, will be treated as the credible and dire threats they are, and I will direct as many, if not more resources to their destruction as I would for a more classical Hero.
(witch-girl) in Japanese, Magical Girls are empowered by various means with fantastic powers that both assist and complicate their lives, but manage to persevere despite this.
Cute High Earth Defense Club Love! (anime)
No matter how hard this may be for the Western world to believe, Magical Girls have high crossover popularity in different demographics with some minor but appropriate design modifications and make up a sizable portion of both Shōjo and bishoujo fandom.
Magical Girl Warriors arguably have the widest demographic appeal, and in the West are often synonymous with the entire Shoujo genre, let alone the idea of a Magical Girl.
It may come as a surprise to learn that the entire Magical Girl genre is descended, effectively, from the American live-action Magical Girlfriend sitcom
Puella Magi Madoka Magica
As a primary inspiration for their work. Yokoyama explicitly adapted its concept for a younger audience, while Akatsuka merely says he was inspired by it.
During its early years), was an early American example of a Magical Girl show, and the first animated magical girl series to be produced and aired in the United States, and it ran as a Saturday-Morning Cartoon. This early Magical Girl show was very unusual that it included a laugh track—which is not present in
In 1974. This was the first show to be marketed to boys as well as girls, and featured a number of developments—it was the first Magical Girl show to...
Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha
Originally, all Magical Girl shows were produced by Toei Animation in Japan or Filmation in the US, so Magical Girl wasn't so much a genre as a Series Franchise. This lasted until Ashi Production's
In 1983 (the first Magic Idol Singer show). A one-shot OVA produced in 1987 featured a Bat Family Crossover between Studio Pierrot's four '80s Magical Girl shows (
, despite not being aimed at girls but having a lot of influence on the genre, was the first magical girl warrior. This was essentially a combination of the earlier style shows with the Super Hero genre, particularly the Super Sentai formula.
Maho Girls Pretty Cure! (anime)
Was a huge hit, and, naturally, other shows were made in the same style. A small further subgenre of the Magical Girl Warrior is the Magical Girl Phantom Thief, seen in
(Western cartoons) eventually subsided, but new sub-genres spawned soon in its wake. As of present, most magical girl shows can be loosely organized into three broad categories.
Of course, there are other examples that feature similar themes but diverge even further from the old-style shows. Many fans
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